Accessory bud: located beside or above the true bud at a node.

Achene: a small,dry, indehiscent fruit.

Acorn: the fruit of oaks; a thick-walled nut with a woody cup-like cap.

Acute: having an apex or base with sides tapering to a point.

Aggregate flower: heaped or crowded into a dense cluster.

Aggregate fruit: a fruit that has developed from a flower having many pistils on a common receptacle.

Alternate: a leaf arrangement with leaves placed singly at various heights and on different sides of a stem.

Anther: pollen-bearing part of the stamen.

Apex: the terminal end or tip.

Apical: describes the apex or tip.

Appressed: lies flat and pressed close to the stem.

Apetalous: lacking petals.

Auriculate: having two rounded, ear-shaped lobes as projections of some leaf and petal bases.

Berry: a fleshy, indehiscent, multi-seeded, pulpy fruit.

Bipinnate: twice pinnate.

Bract: a modified protective leaf associated with the inflorescence, buds, or with newly emerging buds and stems.

Branchlet: a small branch or twig; a division of a larger branch.

Bristle: a stiff hair.

Broad-elliptic: wider than elliptic.

Broad-ovate: wider than ovate.

Bud: a structure of embryonic tissues which will become a flower, leaf, both, or a new shoot.

Bud scale: a modified leaf or stipule protective of the embryonic tissue of the bud.

Campanulate: bell-shaped.

Capsule: a dry, dehiscent fruit.

Catkin: a cylindrical, spike-like inflorescence comprised of pistillate or staminate (unisexual) flowers, usually apetalous.

Channeled: grooved lengthwise.

Collateral buds: accessory buds to either side of the true lateral bud at a node.

Compound leaf: a leaf composed of two or more leaflets on a common petiole.

Cone: a coniferous fruit having a number of woody, leathery, or fleshy scales, each bearing one or more seeds and attached to a central axis.

Conical: cone-shaped; tapering evenly from base to apex in three dimensions.

Cordate: heart-shaped.

Corregated: crumpled or wrinkled, but more loosely than in rugose.

Corymb: an indeterminate, flat-topped inflorescence whose outer flowers open first.

Crenate: rounded teeth on leaf margins.

Crenate-serrate: having a mixture of blunt and sharp teeth.

Cuneate: wedge-shaped.

Cylindrical: elongated and virtually circular in cross-section.

Cyme: a flat-topped, determinate inflorescence whose outer flowers open last.

Dehiscent: splitting open of a seed capsule along the sides or segments to release seeds when ripe; also the opening of anthers to release pollen.

Dentate: toothed leaf margins whose apices are perpendicular to the margin and do not point forward.

Determinate: refers to inflorescences such as cymes where the terminal flower opens first and the lower flowers open last.

Dioecious: having male and female flowers on different plants.

Divergent: spreading broadly.

Downy: pubescent with soft, fine hairs.

Drupe: indehiscent fruit whose seed is enclosed in a stony endocarp contained within soft, fleshy pericarp. Ex. Cherry, Plum

Ellipsoid: three dimensional shape of an ellipse; foot-ball shaped.

Elliptic: ellipse-shaped, with equally rounded or narrowed ends with two planes of symmetry and widest across the middle.

Endocarp: the innermost layer or wall of the pericarp, enclosing the seed.

Entire: a leaf whose margin does not have teeth or indentations.

Exfoliating: peeling off in layers.

Fissure: a narrow, horizontal or vertical crack with straight sides.

Fluted: having long, rounded, vertical ridges.

Furrowed: having longitudinal channels or grooves.

Glabrous: hairless.

Glaucous: covered with a waxy bloom or whitish material that rubs off easily.

Imbricate: overlapping.

Imperfect flower: lacking either pistils or stamens.

Indeterminate: refers to inflorescences whose terminal flowers open last and lower flowers open first.

Invasive: weedy; usually grows under most soil conditions and where the soil is poor.

Lanceolate: much longer than wide; broadest below the middle and tapering to the apex.

Lateral: on or to the side.

Lenticel: a small, corky pore on young bark through which gasses are exchanged.

Linear: very narrow and long.

Lobe: a division of a leaf or petal that cuts into the margin.

Margin: the edge of a leaf blade or flower petal.

Monoecious: staminate and pistillate flowers are present on the same plant.

Naked bud: without scales.

Necrosis: death associated with discoloration and dehydration of all or some parts of plant organs.

Needle: a linear stiff leaf of many conifers.

Node: a joint on a stem, represented by point of origin of a leaf or bud.

Nut: a dry, indehiscent, single-seeded fruit with a hard woody pericarp (shell), such as a walnut and pecan.

Oblique: Uneven or lop-sided, as the base of an elm leaf.

Oblong: longer than broad with nearly parallel sides.

Obovate: ovate, but broadest above the middle, thus narrowest toward the base rather than the apex.

Obovoid: three-dimensional shape of obovate, pear-shaped.

Opposite: an arrangement of leaves or buds in paired at a node.

Ovate: egg-shaped, rounded at both ends but broadest below the middle.

Ovoid: three-dimensionally egg-shaped.

Palmate: having three or more veins arising from the point of attachment of the petiole.

Panicle: an indeterminate branched inflorescence.

Parallel: running side by side from base to tip, as in veins of a leaf.

Pedicel: the stalk of a flower or fruit when clustered or solitary.

Peduncle: the stalk of a flower cluster or a single flower when that flower is solitary.

Pendulous: hanging or declined.

Perfect flower: having both stamens and pistils.

Pericarp: the wall of a ripened ovary or fruit

Persistant: adhering to position instead of falling off whether dead or alive.

Pinnate: feather-like; having two rows of leaflets along a rachis.

Pistil: female organ comprised of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Pistillate: having pistils, but no stamens.

Pith: the central part of a twig, usually lighter or darker than the wood.

Pitted: marked with small depressions.

Pod: a dry, dehiscent fruit.

Pome: a fleshy fruit comprised of a central core with seeds resulting from a compound ovary as in an apple or pear.

Pubescent: covered with short, fine, soft hairs.

Pyramidal: pyramid-shaped; broadest at base.

Raceme: an inderterminate, unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne in short pedicels along a central axis.

Racemose: having flowers in racemes.

Rachis: the central axis of a compound leaf.

Ranked: foliage is arranged in longitudinal planes around the stem.

Reflexed: bent abruptly backward or downward.

Resinous: containing or exuding resin.

Reticulate: netted; network of veins.

Rhombic: diamond-shaped; having four nearly equal sides, but unequal angles.

Rhombic-ovate: between egg and diamond-shaped.

Rugose: wrinkled.

Samara: a dry, indehiscent fruit bearing a wing as in maple or ash.

Scabrous: rough or gritty to the touch; rough pubescent.

Scale: a small, dry bract usually covering a bud.

Scurfy: a surface covered with bran-like particles.

Serrate: saw-toothed; teeth pointing forward.

Serrulate: minutely serrate.

Sessile: without a stalk.

Simple leaf: a leaf not divided into leaflets; not compound.

Sinus: the space between two lobes, segments, or divisions.

Solitary: occurring or borne singly.

Spatulate: spoon-shaped.

Spike: an indeterminate inflorescence bearing sessile flowers on an unbranched axis.

Stamen: pollen-bearing organ, consisting of the anther and filament.

Stellate-pubescent: with hairs in small star-like tufts.

Stipule: an appendage, often leaf-like, of the petiole.

Subtend: to be placed directly below a different organ or structure often sheathing or enclosing it.

Superposed bud: accessory bud above the true lateral bud.

Terminal: at the tip.

Tomentose: densely woolly, with short, soft hairs.

Torulose: twisted or knobby.

Trifoliate: compound leaf with three leaflets.

Umbel: an indeterminate, usually flat-topped inflorescence in which the pedicels of the flowers arise from a common point, resembling the frame-work of an umbrella.

Undulate: wavy, in an up and down direction, not in and out.

Valvate: describing parts with touching but not overlapping margins.

Whorl: an arrangement of three or more leaves or buds at a node.

Woolly: having soft, long, matted hairs; like wool.